{"id":73612,"date":"2026-10-06T08:21:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T06:21:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.km77.com\/revista\/?p=73612"},"modified":"2026-10-06T08:25:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T06:25:58","slug":"significado-siglas-tapon-aceite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.km77.com\/revista\/engendro-mecanico\/significado-siglas-tapon-aceite\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e9 significan los n\u00fameros del tap\u00f3n del aceite"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al abrir el cap\u00f3 de la mayor\u00eda de los veh\u00edculos de combusti\u00f3n o h\u00edbridos, el tap\u00f3n de llenado del c\u00e1rter muestra una codificaci\u00f3n alfanum\u00e9rica estandarizada, como\u00a0<strong>5W-30, 0W-20 o 5W-40<\/strong>. Esta inscripci\u00f3n identifica el grado de viscosidad del aceite conforme a la norma SAE J300 de la Sociedad de Ingenieros de Automoci\u00f3n. El aceite de motor tiene una propiedad f\u00edsica reol\u00f3gica compleja: su resistencia a fluir var\u00eda sustancialmente con los cambios t\u00e9rmicos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Escala SAE J300<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La nomenclatura actual define a los aceites multigrado mediante <strong>dos cifras separadas por la letra<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u00abW\u00bb<\/strong>, que hace referencia al t\u00e9rmino anglosaj\u00f3n&nbsp;<em>Winter<\/em>&nbsp;(invierno):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La cifra previa a la \u00abW\u00bb (comportamiento en fr\u00edo):<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00fameros como 0W, 5W o 10W indican la facilidad con la que el aceite es bombeado a temperaturas muy bajas (ensayos estandarizados de simulaci\u00f3n de arranque en fr\u00edo, entre -35 \u00b0C y -25 \u00b0C). Cuanto menor es este guarismo, menor es la viscosidad din\u00e1mica del fluido a baja temperatura. Un lubricante 0W mantiene una viscosidad suficientemente baja a temperaturas muy reducidas para facilitar el arranque y la circulaci\u00f3n del aceite.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La cifra posterior a la \u00abW\u00bb (comportamiento en caliente):<\/strong>\u00a0Valores como 20, 30 o 40 reflejan la\u00a0<strong>viscosidad cinem\u00e1tica<\/strong>\u00a0del lubricante medida a\u00a0100\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0(la temperatura media de trabajo del motor) y su resistencia al cizallamiento a alta temperatura y alta velocidad de deformaci\u00f3n (<em>High Temperature High Shear<\/em>, HTHS a\u00a0150\u00a0\u00b0C). Una cifra m\u00e1s alta indica una mayor viscosidad a alta temperatura y, en general, una mayor resistencia al cizallamiento bajo carga.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/www.km77.com\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_hy5d3ghy5d3ghy5d-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-73616\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.km77.com\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_hy5d3ghy5d3ghy5d-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.km77.com\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_hy5d3ghy5d3ghy5d-980x657.jpg 980w, https:\/\/www.km77.com\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Gemini_Generated_Image_hy5d3ghy5d3ghy5d-480x322.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La evoluci\u00f3n de las mec\u00e1nicas modernas hacia tolerancias de mecanizado m\u00e1s ajustadas y normativas de emisiones muy estrictas ha impulsado el paso de antiguos aceites 10W-40 o 5W-40 a formulaciones de muy baja viscosidad, como 0W-20 e incluso 0W-16, orientadas a <strong>optimizar el rendimiento termodin\u00e1mico.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tolerancias de fabricaci\u00f3n y riesgos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existe una creencia extendida seg\u00fan la cual emplear un aceite con un segundo d\u00edgito m\u00e1s elevado (por ejemplo, verter un 5W-50 en un motor dise\u00f1ado para 0W-20) proporciona una \u00abmayor protecci\u00f3n\u00bb frente al desgaste. Esta pr\u00e1ctica puede resultar perjudicial y no debe hacerse salvo que el fabricante contemple ese grado de viscosidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los motores modernos tienen galer\u00edas de lubricaci\u00f3n estrechas, variadores de fase en la distribuci\u00f3n gobernados por presi\u00f3n hidr\u00e1ulica y segmentos de baja fricci\u00f3n dise\u00f1ados para un caudal espec\u00edfico. Si se introduce un aceite con una viscosidad cinem\u00e1tica excesiva:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u00e9rdida de caudal efectivo:<\/strong>\u00a0La bomba de aceite incrementa la presi\u00f3n en el circuito, pero el caudal volum\u00e9trico real disminuye. El fluido tarda m\u00e1s en alcanzar los puntos m\u00e1s alejados del circuito.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Desajuste en los actuadores hidr\u00e1ulicos:<\/strong>\u00a0La distribuci\u00f3n variable y los taqu\u00e9s pueden sufrir retardos en su respuesta al no recibir el fluido con la fluidez requerida.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por el contrario, usar una viscosidad excesivamente baja en un propulsor no homologado para ella puede reducir el margen de espesor de pel\u00edcula lubricante en determinadas zonas muy cargadas y aumentar el riesgo de desgaste. Por ello, la indicaci\u00f3n del tap\u00f3n no es una sugerencia abierta, sino una dato importante para la longevidad del motor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Al abrir el cap\u00f3 de la mayor\u00eda de los veh\u00edculos de combusti\u00f3n o h\u00edbridos, el tap\u00f3n de llenado del c\u00e1rter muestra una codificaci\u00f3n alfanum\u00e9rica estandarizada, como\u00a05W-30, 0W-20 o 5W-40. Esta inscripci\u00f3n identifica el grado de viscosidad del aceite conforme a la norma SAE J300 de la Sociedad de Ingenieros de Automoci\u00f3n. El aceite de motor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":73615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3912],"tags":[7975,22],"class_list":["post-73612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-engendro-mecanico","tag-de-todo-un-poco","tag-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e9 significan los n\u00fameros del tap\u00f3n del aceite<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explicamos qu\u00e9 significan los n\u00fameros del tap\u00f3n del aceite (grados SAE como 5W-30 o 0W-20), c\u00f3mo se mide la viscosidad en fr\u00edo y en caliente y el riesgo mec\u00e1nico de usar una graduaci\u00f3n incorrecta.\" \/>\n<meta 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